Differences Between X-rays and Gamma Rays: Explanations from a Sterilization Expert

The Different Ionizing Rays Used in Industrial Sterilization

IONISOS has recently introduced X-ray sterilization. Until now, we used ethylene oxide exposure, as well as gamma radiation and electron beam radiation. These three techniques allowed us to cover most industrial sterilization needs, regardless of the materials to be treated.

X-rays and Gamma Rays: Differences and Similarities

Industrial sterilization uses electromagnetic radiation, a form of energy combining an electric field and a magnetic field, both propagating as waves. These types of radiation are called “ionizing” because their action leads to the formation of ions. Their action destroys all microorganisms present on the surface being treated: bacteria, viruses, spores, yeasts, parasites…

The differences between gamma rays and X-rays are as follows:

• Production: Gamma rays come from the decay of a radioactive Cobalt 60 nucleus, while X-rays result from the loss of energy by electrons.
• Wavelength: X-rays have a longer wavelength, which means they have a shorter frequency.
• Energy Release: Gamma radiation is the most powerful of electromagnetic rays, just ahead of X-rays.
• Penetration Rate: While both types of radiation offer excellent penetration capabilities, X-rays have slightly better penetration in dense materials.
• Tolerance of Products to Treatment: Both types of radiation are compatible with most materials, but the shorter exposure time of X-rays provides an additional advantage, as it limits the risk of material weakening or discoloration.

Different Uses for Gamma Rays and X-rays

X-rays are traditionally used in medicine, particularly in medical imaging, as they have the ability to penetrate the human body and are absorbed differently depending on the material they pass through (bones, tissues, organs…). Gamma radiation, on the other hand, is utilized in the treatment of cancer cells, as well as in the sterilization of equipment and medical devices.

IONISOS uses both X-rays and gamma rays, in addition to electron beam and ETO sterilizations, to offer a comprehensive range of treatments to industrial clients. Depending on the type of products, we select the ideal process and adjust the dose and exposure time accordingly.

X-rays combine the benefits of the two main ionization sterilization processes: the penetration rate of gamma rays and the rapid action of electron beams. Our company has therefore decided to dedicate one of its treatment centers entirely to this highly effective sterilization technology.